**Texas: Examining the Past to Understand Today.** It's challenging for those of us outside the United States—like myself, as a Portuguese viewer—to grasp the significant differences between American states. The US often appears as a unified nation, but that perception is inaccurate; it’s more like fifty distinct countries, each with its own governance and laws. Texas exemplifies this even further: it gained independence from Mexico before voluntarily joining the United States (and later attempted to secede alongside Confederate states). This makes it akin to California or Hawaii—independent entities absorbed into the US. This film touches upon these historical complexities, exploring Texan history and the complicated relationship between Anglo-Saxon and Hispanic communities. Despite the dominance of Anglos in positions of power, the movie emphasizes that Texas rightfully belongs to the “Tejanos,” people of Hispanic descent. They were there first; the Anglo-Saxons arrived later. However, they face humiliation, forced assimilation, discrimination, and we witness the consequences of these actions through character interactions and Sheriff Wade’s harsh behavior. The narrative interweaves these themes around a chance discovery—a skeleton revealing an unsolved crime potentially linked to the late sheriff Buddy Deeds, a beloved figure in the town. His son, now the sheriff, lacks his father's popularity and is determined to investigate what he believes were his father’s hidden flaws. There are some less convincing side stories as well: the uninspired romance between the sheriff and a teacher; the corruption driving the construction of an unnecessary prison; and the strained relationship between a strict black military commander and his bar-owning father. The film features several recognizable actors. Chris Cooper delivers a strong performance, and while I haven't seen much of his previous work, I was glad to see him in such a substantial role. Elizabeth Peña is also effective, although her subplot feels somewhat contrived. Kris Kristofferson shines as well, portraying a law enforcement officer who embodies prejudice, brutality, and arrogance. Stephen Mendillo, Clifton James, and Mirian Colon contribute brief but solid performances. I was unfamiliar with director John Sayles until this film, but I appreciated his work; it’s not a masterpiece, but it provides quality entertainment combined with insightful social commentary. The cinematography is well-done, making the movie feel more contemporary than its age suggests, and the camera work is particularly strong during the flashbacks. Lighting and shadows are used effectively, and while the soundtrack isn't remarkable, it serves its purpose.

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